The Digestion in The Small Intestine - Info Dear

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Digestion In The Small Intestine


small intestine function:-

           The small intestine is a major component of the gastrointestinal tract. Small intestine located in between the stomach and the large intestine. The end absorption of major constituents of food takes place in the small intestine.



The Digestion in The Small Intestine - Info Dear
The Digestion in The Small Intestine - Info Dear


Small intestine length:-


The length of small intestine is about 6 meters which are equal to 20 feet. The small intestine is divided into three parts.

· Duodenum (length about 20 to 25 centimeter)

· Jejunum (length about 2.5 meters or 8 feet)

· Ileum (length about 3.5 meters or 11.5 feet)

Duodenum function:-

Duodenum is about 20 to 25 cm long when chyme passes from the stomach into Duodenum then the acidic nature of the chyme (partly digest food having acidic nature coming from the stomach) stimulates the release of secretion from Pancreas, Liver, and duodenum. The secretion of liver, pancreas and duodenal cells are mixed with chyme and digest the partly digest food.

Pancreas:-

The pancreas is a large gland whose endocrine tissues secrete a juice that travels from pancreas to the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. Pancreatic juice contains the enzyme and also sodium bicarbonate which neutralize the chyme coming from stomach this is necessary because enzymes of the pancreatic juice do not work well in the acidic condition they need a neutralized medium for their proper functioning.

Pancreas Location:-

The pancreas is about 6 inches long. The pancreas is present just behind the stomach in the abdominal cavity. The right end of the pancreas is connected with the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).

Pancreatic juice contains enzymes

· Amylase or amylopsin

· Lipase

· Trypsin

Amylase:-

Amylase is the enzymes secreted by the pancreas. Amylase digests the carbohydrates, for example, amylase digest starch into the maltose.

Lipase:-

Lipase is the enzymes secreted by the pancreas. Lipase hydrolyzes the small percentage of fat into fatty acid and glycerol. So, it is also known as the fat-digesting enzyme.

Trypsin:-

Trypsin is the enzymes secreted by the pancreas and activated by an enzyme called enter kinase which is secreted by the lining of the duodenum. Trypsin splits protein into Pantone and polypeptides. So, it is called the protein-digesting enzymes.

Liver Definition:-

The liver is a dark reddish brown organ located in the upper right-hand side of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm and above the stomach. The liver is also called body stabilizer because it performs many functions in the human body and assists almost all the body organs in their functioning.

In digestive system Liver secretes bile. Bile plays an important role in the break down the fat into small globules which are done easily digested by water-soluble lipase.

Bile:-

Bile is a green watery fluid it contains no enzyme. The green color of the bile is due to the bile pigments which are formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver. The bile contains bile salt which makes the fat digest easily.

Jejunum function:-

The jejunum is the second part of the small intestine. The length of the jejunum is about 2.4 – 2.5 meters. The length jejunum comprises about two-fifths of the small intestine. The inner wall of the jejunum is specialized for the absorption of very small nutrient particles coming from the duodenum.

Ileum function:-

The ileum is the third part of small intestine. Ileum absorbs the vitamin B12 and other digestive material which are not absorbed by duodenum and jejunum. Nearly all the absorption of the products of digestion takes place in the ileum. The inner wall of the ileum is folded and contains many finger-like structures called Villi.

Villi and Microvilli

Villi function:-

The internal wall of ileum contains many finger-like outgrowths on it called villi. Each Villus is richly supplied with blood capillaries and a vessel called lacteal of the lymphatic system. The remaining very small food particles move from the villi to the blood capillaries by Osmosis (the movement of anything from its higher concentration to its lower concentration). Similarly, the waste products are removed by the lacteal of the lymphatic system.

Micro Villi:-

The Villi contain countless closely packed cylindrical structures called microvilli. The microvilli are only visible under the electron microscope. The villi and the microvilli absorb the major molecules the sugar and amino acid are absorbed by diffusion and active transport in the bloodstream.

Ileocolic sphincter:-


After the absorption of the major constituent of food then the remaining intestinal content is pushed along the alimentary canal by normal peristalsis activity. At the end of ileum, a valve called ileocolic sphincter is present which open and close time to time to allow a small amount of residue from the ileum to enter the large intestine.

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